Email this article 
Hide
Show all
Contributions and Challenges in Research and Extension Linkage for Agricultural Transformation in Ethiopia: A Review
Abstract
Research and extension are the main pillars of agriculture system and their effectiveness largely depends on strong linkage among each other. This paper is organized with specific objective of contributions and challenges in Research and extension linkage for agricultural transformation in Ethiopia. As different data approve that, the existing research-extension linkage is weak in Ethiopia. This very weak linkage has been major limiting factor in increased food productivity, agricultural transformation and sustainable development. Its well-coordinated and strong linkage can facilitate agricultural commercialization, promote sustainable agriculture and help to dissemination of useful Information. But it is mainly constrained with weak organization system, poor Infrastructural, lack of incentives for linkage activities, lack effective motivation system, poor communication, personal and psychological skills. So, government and any concerned bodies should be invested on establishing strong linkage between research-extension, improving infrastructural facilities, professional skills of extension staffs and should be established better salary, motivational techniques, monitoring and evaluation system.
Keywords
References
Adesoji, S. & Tunde, A. (2012). Evaluation of the linkage system of Research- Extension-Farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria: Lesson for Agricultural Extension Administrators. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, 20, 561-568.
Adugna, E. (2013). A Review on Untied efforts: The challenges for improved research, extension and education linkages. Educational and research reviews, 8(12), 792-799.
Agricultural Transformation Agency (2014). Transforming agriculture in Ethiopia. ATA Annual report 2013-2014 Addis Ababa
Abebe, A., & M. Hailemariam. (2018). Historical Evolution of Agricultural Extension Service Approach in Ethiopia - A Review; Agricultural Extension Journal, 2(4), 201-210.
Altalb, A.A, Filipek, T. & Skowron, P. (2015). The Role of Agricultural Extension in the Transfer and Adoption of Agricultural Technologies. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 3(5), 500-507.
Aremu. P.A, Kolo, I.N, Gana, A.K & Adelere, F.A (2015). The Crucial Role of Extension Workers in Agricultural Technologies Transfer and Adoption. Global Advanced Research Journal of Food Science and Technology, 4(2), 014-018.
Ashraf, I., Muhammad, S. & Chaudhry, K.M (2007). Effect of decentralization on linkage among research, extension and farming community. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 44(4), 660-663.
Asiabaka, C, Nnadi, F., Ajaero, J. Aja, O., Ugwoke, F., Ukpongson, M. & Onweagba, A. (2012). The role of extension officers and extension services in the development of agriculture in Nigeria. Anaeto, 1(6), 180-185.
Chowdhury, A. H., Odame, H. H., & Leeuwis, C. (2012). Transforming Roles of Public Extension to Strengthen Innovation: Lessons from Bangladesh. In Producing and reproducing farming systems. New modes of organization for sustainable food systems of tomorrow. 10th European IFSA Symposium, Aarhus, Denmark, 1-4 July 2012.
Atalay, S. (2012). Analysis of research-extension-farmer linkage in finger millet technology development and delivery in Mecha district of Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development,1(6), 121-129.
Belay, D. (2014). Agricultural Extension System of Ethiopia: A Case from Amhara region Practice, Challenges, Way forward
Presented at Participatory Research Workshop and Project Meeting, 11-12 August 2014, AA, Ethiopia Extension Service in Ethiopia
Belay, K. (2002). Constraints to Extension Work in Ethiopia: The Insiders' View. South African Journal of Agricultural Extension, 31, 63-79.
Belay, K. (2008). "Linkage of higher education with agricultural research, extension and development in Ethiopia." Higher Education Policy, 21(2), 275-299.
https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.hep.8300139
Belay, K. & Abebaw, D. (2004). Challenges Facing Agricultural Extension Agents: A Case Study from South-western Ethiopia. African Development Bank 2004, Published in Blackwell Publishing Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8268.2004.00087.x
Belay, K. & Degnet, A. (2004), Challenges Facing Agricultural Extension Agents: A Case Study from South Western Ethiopia, African Development Review, 16 (1), 139-168.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8268.2004.00087.x
Berhane, H. (2009). The Impact of Agricultural Policies on Smallholder Innovation Capacities, The case of household level irrigation development in two communities of Kilte Awlaelo woreda, Tigray regional state, Ethiopia
Berhanu, G., Hoekstra, D. & Azage, T. (2006). Commercialization of Ethiopian agriculture: Extension service from input supplier to knowledge broker and facilitator. IPMS (Improving Productivity and Market Success) of Ethiopian Farmers Project Working Paper 1. ILRI (Internationa,l Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 36 pp.
Centre for Alleviation of Poverty through Sustainable Agriculture (CAPSA) (2012). The Role of Policies in Agricultural Transformation, P.2.
Davis, K., Swanson, B., Amudavi, D., Daniel, A., Flohrs, A., Riese, J., Lamb, C. & Elias, Z. (2010). In-Depth Assessment of the Public Agricultural Extension System of Ethiopia and Recommendations for Improvement IFPRI Discussion Paper 01041 December 2010.
Dawe, D. (2015). Agricultural transformation of middle- income Asian economies: diversification, farm size and mechanization, ESA working paper 15-04 Rome, FAO.
Devereux, S. & Bruce, G. (2009). Agriculture and social protection in Ethiopia. Future agriculture working paper 008. www.futreagricultures.org
EEP (Ethiopia Economy Profile) (2014). Economy-overview. http://www.indexmundi.com
EEP (Ethiopia Economy Profile) (2015). Agriculture in Ethiopia. The free encyclopedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy-of-Ethiopia
Efrem, B. (2006). Agricultural and Rural Development in Ethiopia. Summary and Recommendations by the International Conference on a Development Strategy of Horn of Africa. Rural and Agricultural Development Panel. Organized by the Africa Program. The University of Texas at Arlington.
Fasil, R., & Habtemariam, K. (2006). Assessment of the current extension system of Ethiopia: a closer look at planning and implementation. Working paper.
Feder, G., Anderson, J.R., Birner, R. and Deininger, K. (2010). Promises and Realities of Community-Based Agricultural Extension, IFPRI Discussion Paper 00959.
https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230295018_12
Mengistu, F. T. (2009). Problems and Prospects of Farmers Training Centers: The Case of Ada'a Woreda, East Shewa, Oromia Region. Unpublished M. Sc. thesis, Haramaya Universtiy, Ethiopia.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2015). FAO and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Rome, Italy.
Gebrehiwot, W., Kinfe A. & Deribe, K. (2012). Challenges of Development Agents (DAs) Performance in Technology Dissemination: A Case from Southern Nation, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State (SNNPRS). Ethiopia. Scholarly Journal of Agricultural Science, 2(9), 208-216
Gebremedhin, B., Hoekstra, D. & Tegegne, A. (2006). Commercialization of Ethiopian agriculture: extension service from input supplier to knowledge broker and facilitator. International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). IPMS working paper 1.
Global Forum for Rural Extension services (GFRAS) (2010). Five key areas for mobilizing the potential of rural extension services. Brief number 1, Global Conference on Agricultural Research for Development (GCARD), Montpellier, France
Gouws, A. (1995). The relationship between motivation and job satisfaction of a group of information specialists)". M. Bib. dissertation, Rand Afrikaans University, Johannesburg.
Griggs, D., Stafford-Smith, M. & Gaffney, O. (2013). Sustainable development goals for people and planet. Nature, 495, 305-307.
https://doi.org/10.1038/495305a
Jordan, C., & Emily, S. 2011. Ethiopian Agriculture: A Dynamic Geographic Perspective, Development Strategy and Governance Division, International Food Policy Research Institute - Ethiopia Strategy Support Program II, Ethiopia
Kassa, B. (2008). Agricultural research and extension linkages in Ethiopia: a historical survey.
Kate, S. & Leigh, A. (2010). Yield Gap and Productivity Potential in Ethiopian Agriculture: Staple Grains & Pulses, University of Washington.
Klerkx, L., B. Van M. & C. Leeuwis. (2012). Evolution of systems approaches to agricultural innovation: Concepts, analysis and interventions. In Elzen, B., M. Barbier, M. Cerf, and J. Grin (Eds.) Stimulating transitions towards sustainable farming systems. Dordrecht: Springer, in press, 459-485.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4503-2_20
Kumar, S., Kumar, R., & Sah, U. (2001). Linkages among research, extension and farmers-A review. Agricultural reviews-agricultural research communications centre India, 22(3/4), 215-221.
Leta, G., Kelboro, G., Stellmacher, T. & Hornidge, A.K. (2017). The Agricultural Extension System in Ethiopia-operational setup, challenges and opportunities. Working paper 158, ZEF working paper series.
Maponya, P. & Mpandeli, S. (2013). The Role of Extension Services in Climate Change Adaption in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, 5(7), 137-142.
Mehadi, E. (2012). Agricultural and Rural Innovation Approaches. M.Sc. students Teaching Material in Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia.
Mengistie, M. & Belete M. (2015). A review on the role of extension service for agricultural transformation with particular Emphasis on Ethiopia. Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, 2(1), 224-228.
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MoARD). 2010. Ethiopia's Agricultural Sector Policy and Investment Framework (PIF) 2010-2020, 15 September 2010. Available on https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3e6c/7e4177878237fd974b7bfe4faa9ce2e9208b.pdf .
Mohammad, S. (2009). Agricultural sustainability: Implications for extension systems. College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran.
Demeke, M. U. L. A. T., Guta, F. A. N. T. U., Ferede, T. A. D. E. L. E., & ABABA, A. (2004). Agricultural development in Ethiopia: are there alternatives to food aid. Department of Economics, Addis Ababa University. www. sarpn. org. za/documents/d0001583/FAO2005_Casestudies_Ethiopia. pdf.
Munyua, C.N., Adams, P.F. and Thomson, J.S. (2002) Designing Effective Linkages for Sustainable Agricultural Extension Information Systems Among Developing Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of the Association for International Agricultural and Extension Education, Durban, South Africa, p.p. 301-307.
Pezeshki-Raad, G., & Karami-Dehkordi, E. (2006). Linking agricultural research with extension: Iranian agricultural researchers' attitude toward collaboration with extension workers. J. Agric. Sci. Technol, 8(1), 35-46.
Spielman, D, J., Kelemework, D & Alemu, D. (2012). Seed, fertilizer and agricultural extension in Ethiopia. In: Dorosh PA, Rashid S (eds) (2012) Food and agriculture in Ethiopia: Progress and Policy Challenges. IFPRI Publishing, University of Pennsylvania press USA, pp 84-122
United Nations (UN) (2013). A new global partnership: Eradicate poverty and transform economies through sustainable development. UN publications, New York, NY
Zwane, E. M. (2012). Does extension have a role to play in rural development. South African Journal of Agricultural Extension, 40(1).
DOI: 10.33687/ijae.007.02.2971
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2019 Teka Debele, Mulugeta Gebeyehu, Alemayehu Abebe
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
