REVIEW BASED ANALYSIS OF ADOPTION GAP AND TRAINING NEEDS OF FARMERS IN PAKISTAN

Muhammad H. Raza, Babar Shahbaz, Mark A. Bell

Abstract


In Pakistan majority of the population is directly or in directly dependent on agriculture sector, which, has great share in Pakistan economy and also in providing employment but agricultural production fluctuated every year, now a days the major problem in agriculture sector is that resources are being shrinking like land ownership but on the other side population is increasing day by day, there are various reasons behind the low productivity in agriculture sector, first of all, in Pakistan about 85 to 90 percent are the small farmers and they are not able to use the latest agriculture technology due to financial and social constraints. Majority of them are not well aware about the emerging technologies and if some of them have awareness they do not want to adopt recommendations like production technologies because they are still using their ancestral knowledge for the production of crops. The major problem is that the public sector extension department have assumed duty for the dissemination of updated knowledge but they are not working well, they focus only some progressive farmers which are in fewer amount, similarly, after the decentralization of extension system in Pakistan the front line workers (field Assistants) are directed to perform multifarious duties assigned by the District Coordination Officer (DCO) so, they are unable to perform their primary job responsibilities.


Keywords


Awareness, adoption gap, information gap, training needs.

References


Abbas, M., T. E. Lodhi, A. Bashir & Mahmood M. A. (2008). Dissemination of wheat Production technologies and interface of out-reach efforts with farmers. Journal of Agricultural Research, 46(1), 99-108.

Asfaw & Shiferaw. (2010). Agricultural technology adoption and rural poverty: application of an endogenous switching regression for selected east African countries.

Akudugu, M. A., Guo, E.& Dadzie, K. S. (2012). Adoption of modern agricultural production technologies by farm households in ghana: what factors influence their decisions?. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare. 2, (3), 78-86.

Birkhaeuser, D., R. E. Evenson & Feder, G. (1991). The economic impact of agricultural extension: A Review. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 39 (3), 607-650.

Cartmell, D. D., Orr C. L. & Kelemen D. B. (2004).Methods of information dissemination to limited-scale land owners. Available at:http://agnews.tamu.edu/saas/2004/infodissemination.pdf.

Caswell, M., Fuglie, K., Ingram, C., Jans S. & Kascak C. (2001). Adoption of Agricultural production practices: Lessons learned from the US. Department of Agriculture Area Studies Project. US Departmentof Agriculture, Resource Economics Division, Economic Research Service, Agriculture Economic ReportNo. 792. Washington DC.

Rehman F., Muhammad S., Ashraf I., Choudhary K.M., Ruby T. & Bibi.I. (2013). Effect of farmers’ socioeconomic characteristics on access toagricultural information: empirical evidence from Pakistan. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 23(1), 324-329.

FAO (2008). FAOSTAT. Available at: http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/default.aspx#ancor.

Govt. of Pak. 2013. Pakistan Economic Survey. Ministry of finance, government of Pakistan. Islamabad.

Haq, A. A., Ali T. & Zafar, I. (2009). An analysis of farm services centre (FSC) approach launched for agricultural extension in NWFP, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture Sciences. 46(1), 69-72.

Khan, M. H. (2006). Agriculture in Pakistan: Change and Progress 1947-2005. Vanguard Books (Pvt)Ltd., Lahore, Pakistan.

Kwadwo Asenso-Okyere, K. Davis & D. Aredo. (2008). International Food Policy Research Institute Washington, D.C.

Muhammad, S. (2005). Agricultural Extension: Strategiesand Skills. 2nd Ed. Unitech Communications, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

Nin, A., Arndt, C. & Precktel, P. (2003). Is agricultural productivity in developing countries Really shrinking? New evidence using a modified nonparametric approach. Journal of Development Economics, 71, 395-415.

Okunade, E. O. (2007). Effectiveness of extensionteaching methods in acquiring knowledge, skill and attitude by women farmers in Osun State. Journal of Applied Sciences and Research, 3(4), 282-286.

Qamar, M. K. (2005). Modernizing national agricultural extension systems: A practical guide for Policy makers of developing countries. Research, Extension and Training Division Sustainable Development Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Raza, A.S., Ali Y. & Mehboob F. (2012). Role of Agriculture in Economic Growth of Pakistan. International Research. Journal of Finance and Economics, 83,180-186.

Singha A.K. & Baruah M.J. (2011). Farmers’ Adoption Behaviour in Rice Technology: An Analysis ofAdoption Behaviour of Farmers in Rice Technology under Different Farming Systems in Assam. Journal of Human Ecology, 35(3), 167-172.

Zia A & Khan A. 2012. Media coverage for development of agricultural sector: An analytical study J. Agric. Res., 50(4).

Truong T. (2002). Factors affecting farmers’ adoption of technologies in farming system: A case study in Omon district, 10, 94-100.

Ofuoku, A. U (2011). Rural farmer’s perception ofclimate change in central agricultural zone of Delta State, Nigeria Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science, 12 (2), 63–69.

Ephraim, E. (2009). Constraints Associated with adoption of Innovations by Small Scale Farmers in Karim Lamido Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria. Unpublished Higher National Diploma project of the Department of Agricultural Extension and Management, Taraba Styate Collegeof Agriculture, Jalingo,

Lynton, R.P. & Pareek, U. (1990). Training for Development. Vistaar Publications: New Delhi.

Sajeev, M.V. (2010) Capacity Building Through KVKs: Training needs analysis of farmers of Arunachal Pradesh Indian Res. Journal of Extension Education,10 (1),83-90.

Shibu, K. J. & George A. (2013). Assessing the training need of dairy farmers on scientific cattle management practices. International Journal of sciences and Research, 2(7),496-497.

Rehman, F. (2010). Development of a strategy to enhance the role of print media in the dissemination of agricultural information among farmers’ in the Punjab, Pakistan.

Rehman, F., Muhammad S., Ashraf I. & Hassan S. (2013). Factors affecting the effectiveness of print media in the dissemination of agricultural information. Sarhad Journal Agriculture, 27(1), 119-124.

Muhammad, S. (2005). Agricultural Extension: Strategies and Skills. 2nd Ed. Unitech Communications, Faisalabad, Pakistan.


Full Text: PDF

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2017 Muhammad H. Raza, Babar Shahbaz, Mark A. Bell

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.