https://journals.esciencepress.net/index.php/phytopath/gateway/plugin/ThesisFeedGatewayPlugin/atomInternational Journal of Phytopathology: Thesis Abstracts2015-07-08T18:42:00+00:00Open Journal Systems<p align="justify">International Journal of Phytopathology publishes original research papers and critical reviews on all aspects of plant pathology. Brief comments and letters to the editor contributing to the previously published articles are also welcomed. Articles submitted for publication in International Journal of Phytopathology are peer reviewed by the editors who act on advice from referees.</p><p align="justify">Top quality original research articles and critical reviews from around the world cover: diseases of temperate and tropical plants caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, phytoplasmas and nematodes; physiological, biochemical, molecular, ecological, genetic and economic aspects of plant pathology; disease epidemiology and modeling; disease appraisal and crop loss assessment; and plant disease control and disease-related crop management.<br /><br />International Journal of Phytopathology is jointly published by EScience Press and Center for Community Learning (CCL).</p>https://journals.esciencepress.net/index.php/phytopath/thesis/view/107Studies on the effect of hexanal against major post harvest pathogens of mango2015-07-08T18:42:00+00:00Parthasarathy SeethapathyPlant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University<br />July, 2014<br /><br />Anthracnose and stem end rot are the major post harvest diseases of mango. Anthracnose is caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) (Penz. and Sacc) and stem end rot is caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) (Griffon and Maubl). Virulent isolates of C. gloeosporioides and L. theobromae were obtained from Dept. of Plant Pathology, TNAU, Coimbatore. Further, pathogens were cultured on Potato dextrose medium (PDA) and proved the pathogenecity in vitro by pin prick plus spore suspension methods. The efficacy of the hexanal on the mycelial growth and spore germination of C. gloeosporioides and L. theobromae was studied. Among the different concentrations of hexanal tested, 0.06% showed maximum inhibition in mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides and L. theobromae (95.56 and 93.33 per cent respectively). In vitro efficacy of bacterial antagonists was tested against the pathogens. Pseudomonas fluorescens strain, Pf 1 was most effective and showed reduction in the mean mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides and L. theobromae (36.16 and 54.16 mm respectively) accounting for 53.83 and 35.83 per cent inhibition over control. Bacillus subtilis strain EPCO 16, significantly reduced the mean mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides and L. theobromae (30.09 and 43.36 mm respectively) accounting for 59.02 and 46.63 per cent inhibition over control. Compatibility of potential antagonists P. fluorescens (Pf 1) and B. subtilis (EPCO 16) with hexanal was tested in vitro by poisoned food technique and turbidometric method. The compatible formulation of antagonists and carbendazim was tested in the field and post-harvest conditions against the anthracnose and stem end rot diseases of mango. The results revealed that pre-harvest spraying of 2% hexanal + 0.5% P. fluorescens (Pf 1) at 30+15 (days before harvesting) followed by post-harvest dipping of fruits in 2% hexanal + 0.5% P. fluorescens (Pf 1) stored under cold condition showed maximum inhibition in anthracnose incidence next to 0.1% carbendazim. Toxic compounds produced by the pathogens viz., C. gloeosporioides and L. theobromae were extracted and their role in pathogenicity was tested by inoculation of crude culture filtrates and differentially diluted filtrates on mango leaves. Crude toxins extracted separately by solvent extraction method were tested with mango leaves and fruits at different dilutions to detect their role in pathogenecity. Non-host selective nature of the toxin was determined by seedling and seed germination bioassay using nine non-host plants and three cereal seeds. The toxic compounds were extracted from the yeast extract and potato dextrose broths inoculated with C. gloeosporioides and L. theobromae respectively, by solvent diffusion method and partially purified by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) using standardized diluents (Di-methyl sulfoxide) and mobile phase of Chloroform: glacial acetic acid: ethanol (3:1:1) for C. gloeosporioides and Butanol: water: glacial acetic acid (5:3:2) for L. theobromae. The toxic compounds partially purified by TLC were identified through Gas Chromatography /Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS). The profile of unique volatile compounds emanated by mango fruits treated with hexanal and artificially inoculated with C. gloeosporioides and L. theobromae separately were detected by GC/MS. Mango fruits were inoculated with C. gloeosporioides and L. theobromae separately, followed by treatment with hexanal, biocontrol agents and carbendazim. The changes induced in respect of starch, sugar, phenolics and total soluble proteins were observed. Among them, starch, phenolics and total soluble protein content were reduced in the inoculated and treated fruits while the sugar content increased. Moreover, expression of isoforms of defense related enzymes viz., peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were enhanced in the inoculated and treated fruits. Antifungal activity of mango latex was detected by poisoned food technique and effect of hexanal on the treated mango fruits were detected by thin layer chromatography.2015-07-08T18:42:00+00:00https://journals.esciencepress.net/index.php/phytopath/thesis/view/23CLONING AND SEQUENCING OF POTATO VIRUS Y COAT PROTEIN GENE FROM PAKISTANI ISOLATES2014-10-26T11:35:55+00:00Muhmmad F. AbbadPlant Pathology, Pir Mhr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi<br />December, 2011<br /><br />Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) is growing as a leading staple crop in Pakistan and ranked as fourth in economic significance of the world. It gives 12-15 times more yield per hectare as compared with cereals and calories production per unit area is higher then cereals. Among vegetable affecting virus, Potato virus Y (PVY) is one of the top five viruses and enjoys a promising position among the pathological constrains in the potato crop. It is getting alarming position with significant losses in Pakistan. The percentage incidence increased 4 % in Sahiwal, 7 % in Islamabad, 36 % in Rawalpindi and 67 % in Faisalabad as compare to the year 2010-11 and 2011-12. The over all mean percentage incidence was observed 22 % (2010-11) and 51 % (2011-12) which showed an increase of 29 % in second year. Higher percentage incidence of PVY seems to indicate the high aphid vector efficiency to transmit PVY in non-persistent manner, environmental parameters and the degree of resistance of potato varieties against PVY are also important factor in the spread of PVY disease. The virus is mechanically transmissible. A set of 5 healthy plants each, with 3 replications was inoculated with infected sap of PVY. Local lesions on Chenopodium quinoa, mottling on Nicotiana rustica, and necrotic whitish lesion symptoms on Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun were observed. Infection of Potato Virus Y in potato plants were confirmed to DAS-ELISA and amplification of 801 bp of coat protein gene of PVY by using gene specific primer through PCR. The cloned coat protein gene was sequenced for phylogenetic analysis of PVY isolates. The full length nucleotide sequencing of coat protein gene of 11 isolate revealed that the 3 different clusters. Pakistani isolates SPVY-CP-PK and FPVY-CP-PK falls in third cluster with two Chinese isolates. FPVY-CP-PK showed maximum similarities 99.992 %, 99.991 % and 99.984 % with China-H, SPVY-CP-PK of Pakistani isolates and China-AB3 respectively. SPVY-CP-PK was maximum similar with China-AB3 99.986 %, FPVY-CP-PK 99.984 % and China-H 99.82 %. China-AB3 and China-H were 99.984 % similar with each other. The finding of this study is that FPVY-CP-PK and SPVY-CP-PK have maximum genetic similarities with each other and other isolates of China. This similarity is due to the same group and both share maximum nucleotide homology. The other reason for low genetic diversity between Pakistani and Chinese isolates due to high conserve sequence of coat protein gene in genome of PVY. This work led to useful conclusion that there is very low genetic diversity in isolates of PVY which can be successfully utilized in epidemiological studies of PVY isolates in Pakistan. Further analysis of variation level in Pakistani isolates will help scientists to formulate appropriate PVY disease management strategies like coat protein gene mediated resistance. There is an ample scope of more detailed study by comparing more number of isolates with FPVY-CP-PK and SPVY-CP-PK.2014-10-26T11:35:55+00:00https://journals.esciencepress.net/index.php/phytopath/thesis/view/83Biological control of soil-borne root diseases in Ground-nut by inoculating microbial inoculants (AM fungi and Trichoderma)2014-10-26T11:34:31+00:00Khirood DoleyDepartment of Botany, University of Pune<br />July, 2012<br /><br />Groundnut (</iArachis hypogaea L.>) is an important edible oil seed crop in India which constitutes nearly 50% area and accounts for 45% of oil production. India’s annual production of groundnut oil is about 1.5 million tons. The stem rot and charcoal root rot disease is deleterious to many cultivated crops. Stem rot and charcoal root rot in groundnut caused due to pathogen </i Sclerotium rolfsii> and </i Macrophomina phaseolina> results into heavy loss. There have been various approaches for controlling plant diseases. And the phenomenon of biological control of plant diseases is feasible and environment friendly alternative for harmful chemicals and pesticides which causes environmental pollution. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and </iTrichoderma> species have been widely used as biological fungal antagonist agents as well as plant growth promoters. The objective of the present study was to investigate potential biological disease diminution ability of antagonistic mycorrhizal fungi </iG. Fasciculatum> and </iTrichoderma viride> to manage diseases of groundnut (</i A. hypogaea L.>) plant. The </iArachis> cultivars (JL-24 and W-51) were found to be susceptible to fungal diseases caused by pathogens </iS. Rolfsii> and </iM. Phaseolina>. The fungus </iS. Rolfsii> was isolated naturally from infected </iArachis> plants and the fungus </iM. Phaseolina> was kindly provided by ARI (Agharkar Research Institute). The talc based </iT. viride>. was obtained by Agriculture College, Pune. The antagonistic ability of </iT. viride> was screened </iin vitro> by dual culture technique in which </iT. viride> strongly inhibited the fungal growth of </iS. Rolfsii> and </iM. Phaseolina> by 75% and 71.42%, respectively. In pot culture study </iArachis> cultivars were inoculated with </iG. Fasciculatum> and talc based formulation of </iT. viride> (@ 4g/kg seeds) were applied. The single application of either arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus </iG. Fasciculatum> or </iT. viride> was effective in reducing disease. However, the combination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus </iG. Fasciculatum> + </iT. viride> was found to be the most efficacious biocontrol agent in pot culture study. Application of </iG. Fasciculatum> and </iT. viride> served as efficient growth promoters on tested growth parameters as well as played the role of biocontrol agent. The phenomenon of mycorrhizal colonization was denigrated scantily by pathogens </iS. Rolfsii> and </iM. Phaseolina> in roots of both </iArachis> cultivars. The present investigation showed level of phenolic compounds has been prominent in observation relating to resistance in both </iArachis> cultivars due to inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi and </iTrichoderma>. It is been observed by increased antioxidant enzyme activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (PER) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) to varying degrees at different stages of growth period, which involved in cell protection against oxidative stress, in both cultivars of </iArachis>. Total protein and proline content were increased significantly in both </iArachis> cultivars suggesting biotic stress by pathogens. The enzyme activities increased significantly in dual treatments of AM fungi and </iTrichoderma> as compared to single or uninoculated control ones. The role of enzyme activities has been discussed in the relevant chapters. Total protein and proline content got elevated due to dual inoculation by AM fungi and </iTrichoderma> species as compared to single or control ones. The acid and alkaline phosphatase activity was increased due to inoculation by mycorrhizal fungus </iG. Fasciculatum>. The efficacy of </iG. Fasciculatum> against </iS. Rolfsii> and </iM. Phaseolina> in field and their effect on physiological, growth and yield in different cropping system 15 cm and 30 cm spacing with </iArachis> plants was investigated. The results of field investigation showed successful disease reduction by AM fungus </iG. Fasciculatum> in 30 cm spacing as compared to 15 cm spacing. In conclusion, the present study suggests that AM fungus </iG. Fasciculatum> and </iT. viride> suppressed disease development in Arachis plants and for biocontrol of </iS. Rolfsii> and </iM. Phaseolina>, AM fungi and </iTrichoderma> species should be considered.2014-10-26T11:34:31+00:00https://journals.esciencepress.net/index.php/phytopath/thesis/view/85GLIOCLADIUM VIRENS MUTANT FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF DAMPING OFF OF CABBAGE CAUSED BY RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI KUEHN2014-10-26T11:33:22+00:00Apurba DasPlant Pathology, Assam Agricultural University<br />July, 2013<br /><br />The antagonistic fungal isolates have been found to be effective for the management of damping-off of vegetables and other crops. However, most of them are very much sensitive to carbendazim which is often used as a seed-dressing fungicide to eliminate the seed-borne as well as soil borne fungal pathogens. The aim of the present investigation was to develop UV-irradiated carbendazim tolerant mutants of Gliocladium virens (Synm: Trichoderma virens). Three stable mutants of a bio-control agent, G. virens (GvM1, GvM2 and GvM3) have been generated by exposing to UV radiation at 260 nm for different time periods (viz., 60, 80 and 100 minutes). The mutants differed from the wild type strain in phenotype, growth rate, sporulation, antagonistic potential and fungicide tolerance. The new biotype possessed tolerance to carbendazim upto 50 ppm, while the wild type fails to grow even at 10 ppm concentration. Further, molecular characterization of the wild and mutant of G. virens confirmed the genetic difference among the isolates. The phylogenetic analysis of the wild and mutant of G. virens revealed that the mutant types were more similar with Trichoderma harzianum isolates of other region. Antagonistic activities of these three mutants were tested against Rhizoctonia solani, a causal agent of damping off of cabbage. The maximum reduction of radial growth of the pathogen was shown by GvM1 (59.67%) which was followed by GvM2 (51.93%), GvM3 (44.29%) and Gv-Wild (36.87%). In an another test, sclerotial growth and development of R. solani was dwindled significantly when mutant GvM2 was inoculated with R. solani in MSM (4%) as compared to wild G. virens (Gv-Wild). Colonization of wild and mutant of G. virens was studied in pot condition at room temperature, in terms of viable propagules, where it was observed that colony forming unit (cfu) was significantly higher for GvM1 (29.37x 105 cfu/ml), which was followed by GvM2 (16.25x105 cfu/ml), GvM3 (14.25x 105 cfu/ml) and Gv-Wild (4.37x105 cfu/ml). In pot experiment, maximum reduction of total pre and post emergence damping off in both sterilized and unsterilized soil was achieved when the seeds were treated with the best mutant (GvM1) (16.68% and 23.41%) which was followed by seed treatment with Gv-Wild in both sterilized and unsterilized soil (25.77% and 34.61%). The Root and shoot length of the treated seedlings were found to be increased with the same treatment.2014-10-26T11:33:22+00:00https://journals.esciencepress.net/index.php/phytopath/thesis/view/98MOLECULAR AND BIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON SUGARCANE SMUT2014-10-26T11:30:16+00:00Ayman M.H. EshMolecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City University<br />June, 2013<br /><br />A molecular pathological study was conducted on sugarcane smut disease in Egypt. The study concerned the isolation, identification and diversity of the causal organism sugarcane smut from different sugarcane production areas in Egypt. Molecular methods, Internal transcribed region (ITS), b-East mating type gene and RAPD-PCR were used to investigate the genetic polymorphism between the twenty Ustilago scitaminea isolates. The obtained results revealed that, the combined data clustering analysis of the RAPD-PCR assigned the tested 20 isolates into two main groups, one of them included only one isolate (HAQ-1) and the other included 19 isolates. RAPD grouped most of the isolates according to its sampling places, indicating high diversity of U. scitaminea in Egypt. Alignment of the internal transcribed spacer rDNA (ITS) of 20 isolates of U. scitaminea depicting 100 % similarities between all the tested isolates except isolate (ADA-1), which has one base difference in the ITS2 region and scored 99.87% similarity with the other tested isolates. The obtained two sequences of U. scitaminea internal transcribed spacer sequence of isolates ADA-1 and HAQ-2 was submitted in NCBI Gene bank under the accession number JQ912111 and JQ912112 respectively. The Egyptian U. scitaminea isolate ADA-1 showed a close distance to Reunion isolate while the second Egyptian isolate HAQ-2 was much closer to China isolate. Blast and multiple sequence alignment of the b-East mating type gene sequences of the 20 Egyptian isolates were found identical to Sporisorium scitamineum b-East mating-type gene published in Gene-Bank from China. Induced mutation in sugarcane resistant (GT-54-9) and susceptible (NCo310) varieties through the use of gamma radiation was used to study the mutation effects on improving sugarcane and to study molecular markers associated with smut resistance. Doses of Gamma radiation (0.5, 1, 2, 3 kr) were used to induce mutagenesis in sugarcane. The radiation treatments caused a high significant variation in all Agronomical characteristics among the GT54-9 and NCo310 mutants. A significant increase in mean values was observed for most of the quality characters as compared to the untreated GT54-9 and NCo310 control. The normal and transformed percentage of smutted stools of GT54-9 (257 mutants) and NCo310 (32 mutants) artificially inoculated (dipping and injection inoculation) with smut spores for 3 seasons were field evaluated. GT54-9 mutants were grouped into 5 groups according to the transformed percentage of infection i.e., group 1 (0 -1%, 38 mutants), group 2 (>1-5%, 29 mutants), group 3 (>5-20%, 71 mutants), group 4 (>20-40%, 65 mutants), group 5 (>40%, 55 mutants). The untreated mother cultivar was placed in group 3 (5-20% infection). The results revealed the importance of direct mutagenic treatment and selection for improvement of commercial sugarcane varieties in Egypt. PR proteins changes were monitored in healthy and artificially infected plants. The obtained results showed the role of these enzymes in infected and non-infected clones of the susceptible and resistant mutants. A dramatic increase in the activity of the tested enzymes phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase, esterase and chitinase was noticed in the resistant infected plants compared to the susceptible infected plants and to the moderately resistant control. Generally, the levels of the tested enzymes in the healthy susceptible plants were lower than those recorded in the resistant or the moderately resistant control. Of the 89 RAPD primers screened, only four revealed polymorphism (difference), i.e., OPA11 and OPL-14, OPN-6 and OPAM-14 between the two DNA bulks of resistant and susceptible mutants generated from sugarcane variety GT54-9. Of the four Polymorphic RAPD primers only one primers (OPL14) was able to distinguish between the resistant and susceptible sugarcane mutants. The primers OPL14 amplified a 600bp (Approx.) band in resistant mutants. Sequencing of the extracted resistance marker bands showed high homology 98.09% between the resulted sequences. Mega blast-n searches in NCBI showed 98% maximum identity with Saccharum hybrid accession number JN800059. The used SSR (27 primer) and ISSR (20 primer) couldn’t distinguish between the resistant and the susceptible clones. Of the twelve AFLP primer combination, one primer combination (ACC/CTG) showed differences between resistant and susceptible sugarcane mutants. While the other tested primer combination couldn't distinguish between them.2014-10-26T11:30:16+00:00https://journals.esciencepress.net/index.php/phytopath/thesis/view/12VARIETAL RESPONSE AND BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT POTATO CULTIVARS AGAINST ROOT KNOT NEMATODE (MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA) AND ITS NUTRITIONAL MANAGEMENT2013-03-17T11:05:36+00:00Amjad Shahzad GondalDepartment of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad<br />March, 2013<br /><br />Research wok was design to identify resistant potato germplasm against root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) infection. A field trial was conducted in the research area of Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. Thirty six (36) potato verities/ cultivars relocated five times were sown in four years sick plot containing root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in RCBD layout. Root knot nematode reproduction and host damage was accessed by recording nematode root galls and egg mass indices, root weight, shoot weight, , number of leaves, fruit weight, rate of reproduction and final population of nematodes. Experiment revealed a considerable variation in response against Meloidogyne incognita infection among the genotype tested but none of the single cultivar was immune. The cultivar FD-19-2 was highly susceptible followed by FD-8-1, SH-692 and SH-5. All other cultivars had less galling index with low fecundity rate indicating their ability to suppress the adult female reproduction. The cultivar FD-1-3 scored least number of galls and egg mass indices followed by FD-49-62, SH-339 and SH-332. Potato crop requires proper crop nutrition and disease management strategies as it endures significant yield losses due to root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) infection. The study aimed at determining the change in the leaf nutrient contents of different resistant and susceptible potato cultivars against RKN (M. incognita) infection. Five moderately resistant cultivars viz. FD-74-67, SH-332, SH-339, FD-1-3 and FD-49-62 and five susceptible cultivars viz. FD-19-2, FD-8-1, SH-692, SH-5 and FD-69-1 cultivars were accessed for change in leaf Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) contents. Leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents were determined by Kjeldahl Extraction Method and potassium (K) contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Susceptible cultivars were found to be deficient in these contents. Significant increase (P<0.05) in leaf NPK contents was observed in resistant cultivars under nematode stress compared to inoculated. Maximum leaf nitrogen (N) of 5.96% was noted in resistant cultivar FD-1-3 while minimum as 3.52% in susceptible potato cultivar FD-19-2. Lead phosphorus (P) content recorded maximum as 0.225 % in FD-1-3 and minimum as 1.48% in FD-19-2. Minimum leaf potassium (K) 0.33 and maximum 0.48 was recorded in FD-19-2 and FD-1-3 respectively. The effect of foliar application of micro-power, humic acid and plant protector containing benzoic acid was examined for the management of root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in a susceptible potato cultivar FD-8-1. Application of plant protector significantly reduced the number of galls and egg masses and promotes overall plant growth followed by micro power and humic acid as compare to control. Foliar application of plant protector 4% endorsed the number of leaves, shoots development, tuber weight and decreased the root weight followed by micro-power 4% plant protector 2% and humic acid 4%. Minimum number of root galls and egg masses was recorded in case of plant protector 4% followed by micro-power 4%, micro-power 2% and plant protector 2%. Nematode fecundity rate was observed to be maximum in case of control with poor plant growth and maximum number of galls and egg masses. The significantly lower number of galls and egg masses and enhanced plant growth in case of plant protector containing benzoic acid @ 4% concentration indicated to be best one.2013-03-17T11:05:36+00:00https://journals.esciencepress.net/index.php/phytopath/thesis/view/11Detection of the Causal Agent of Leaf Mosaic of Jute2013-03-17T10:57:25+00:00K. M. Golam DastogeerPlant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh<br />February, 2012<br /><br />Several experiments were conducted in the glass house, net house and in the laboratory to check the transmission pathways and to identify the causal agent of leaf mosaic of jute. Seed to plant transmission was studied in aluminium tray and in cassette holders. Again seed to plant to seed transmission study was conducted in successive two seasons. In the second year seeds collected from the infected plants only were sown. In graft transmission study five grafting techniques (viz. peg, veneer, gooti, root grafting and T-budding) were employed. Vector transmission was studied under insect proof cage. Again, infected leaves were subjected to study under light microscope to observe the inclusion body. In molecular detection polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed using begomovirus specific primes in nucleic acid preparation from mosaic infected jute leaf to confirm the causal agent. It was observed that the cultivar D-154 showed the highest percentage of seed to plant transmission of the causal agent in both aluminium tray and cassette holders. In seed to plant to seed transmission it was observed that seeds obtained from the infected plants gave higher percentage of infected plants in the succeeding year than those obtained from healthy ones. In the graft transmission study it was noted that the causal agent was readily transmitted through all grafting techniques attempted. Graft transmission was more successful when hosts of same cultivar were used as both scion and stock. In the vector transmission study results obtained indicated that the causal agent was transmitted persistently by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). The results showed that at least 3 and 1 whiteflies were required to transmit the causal agent when both AFP and IFP were 24hr and 48hr respectively. The minimum AFP and IFP were 30 minutes and 15 minutes respectively. The persistence of causal agent inside the vector was at best 10 days. Under light microscope large, blue-violet, prominent nuclear inclusion bodies were readily detected from infected leaf tissues which are indicative of geminivirus infection. This is probably the first study of this kind in mosaic infected jute leaf. In molecular detection the primers amplified 1.2 kb of the DNA fragment. The results obtained in present study conclude that the causal agent of leaf mosaic of jute is transmitted through seed, grafts and vector whitefly and microscopic and molecular study confirm that begomoviruses are responsible for the leaf mosaic in jute.2013-03-17T10:57:25+00:00https://journals.esciencepress.net/index.php/phytopath/thesis/view/5Variability, pathogenecity and in-vitro management of Botrytis cinerea causing botrytis gray mold in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)2013-01-31T09:54:22+00:00Md. Iqbal HosenDepartment of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh<br />December, 2007<br /><br /><a href="http://www.daatj.net/index.php?option=com_abook&view=book&catid=3%3amasters-theses&id=389%3avariability-pathogenicity-and-in-vitro-management-of-botrytis-cinerea-causing-botrytis-gray-mold-in-chickpea-cicer-arietinum-l&itemid=4">Full text (external site)</a><br /><br />A total of ten isolates of Botrytis cinerea infecting chickpea in most chickpea growing areas of Bangladesh were characterized in terms of cultural, morphological, physiological and pathogenicity. The isolates varied significantly in cultural, morphological and pathogenic traits- colony color, shape, margin and texture; production and arrangement of sclerotia on PDA medium. The optimum temperature and pH for the mycelial radial growth of B. cinerea were recorded at 20°C and pH 4.5, respectively. The mycelial radial growth of all ten isolates increases with the time for a certain period. No growth was observed at 35°C temperature. The pathogen B. cinerea grew well on CDA medium. The highest (79.17 mm) mycelial radial growth was obtained on CDA. The quickest (5 days) sclerotia initiation was observed on CDA and LDA culture media but the highest number (2.5×l04 ml-1) of spores were counted on LDA medium. The length of conidia varied from 5 to 15 um. Mean length of conidia was maximum 12 μm in isolate AHI-9 and minimum 7.50 mμ in isolate AHI-1. The breadth of conidia ranged from 5 to 10 μ. The highest mean breadth 8.25μm was observed in isolate AHI-9 and the lowest 6 μm in isolate AHI-4. The isolates exhibited different reaction of highly susceptible to resistant to a set of chickpea cultivars and AHI-9 and AHI-10 were found the most virulent isolates among the others. The antagonist Trichoderma harzianum appeared to be a good bio-control agent against B. cinerea. Among the seven tested fungicides namely- Bavistin 50WP (Carbendazim), CP-Zim 50WP (Carbendazim), Sunphanate 70WP (Thiophanate methyl) and Rovral 50WP (Iprodione) were the most effective fungicides to inhibit the mycelial radial growth of B. cinerea at a lower concentration (500 ppm).2013-01-31T09:54:22+00:00